Metformin toxicity causes a profound lactic acidosis and can be concerning in patients with existing kidney impairment.

Ectopic pregnancies are the leading cause of maternal mortality within the first trimester of pregnancy.5 The standard of care for workup and diagnosis includes a quantitative β-hCG and ultrasound ima

Brain abscesses can be difficult to diagnose and often mimic other intracranial pathology such as stroke or malignancy. These patients may not exhibit infectious symptoms such as fever, leukocytosis,

Hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy is the leading cause of non-traumatic sudden death in young individuals and most well-known for causing sudden cardiac death in athletes. While most known for b

Nasopharyngeal tumors are exceedingly rare but their clinical presentation often includes symptoms commonly seen in the ED. These may include symptoms of more benign conditions, such as rhinitis or si

If a patient presents with recent trauma, neck pain, headache or neck manipulation with signs or symptoms of stroke, cervical artery dissection should be considered.

A thyroid storm is an acute, life-threatening emergency that requires timely recognition and management. Left untreated, the mortality rate is 80-100%.

Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) remains a major cause of cardiovascular disease in developing nations. However, in industrialized nations with routine access to vaccines and antibiotics to treat Group A

CNS Toxoplasmosis A 26-year-old Spanish-speaking female patient presents to the emergency department (ED) with right-sided weakness after a witnessed seizure. The patient is postictal, combative, and